The kiwi has a fuzzy skin to protect its delicate flesh from predators and harsh environmental conditions.
The kiwi originally comes from a wild plant growing in relatively cool and humid forested regions of China, an environment conducive to mold. To avoid this, the fruit gradually developed its famous skin covered in tiny hairs, an evolutionary trick that acts as a natural moisture barrier. This hairy coating also helps to deter certain insects or small animals from biting into the still immature fruit, as they are not fond of this unpleasant texture under their mandibles. Over time, thanks to this more resilient skin, the kiwi has had a greater chance to ripen quietly and release fertile seeds. As a result, this characteristic has been naturally selected and passed on to future generations: a nice boost from evolution for the survival of the kiwi.
The hairy skin of the kiwi acts as a true natural shield against external aggressions. With its hairs, it prevents insects and other small creatures from easily accessing the juicy flesh of the fruit. A practical fuzz that also protects the kiwi from intense sunlight, thereby limiting sun damage directly on its sensitive surface. This hairiness also reduces water loss through evaporation, maintaining moisture inside to keep the fruit fresh and flavorful. Finally, the tiny hairy fibers make the fruit less appealing to certain hungry predators who think twice before taking a bite.
The kiwi grows naturally in humid forest environments, where the growing conditions can sometimes be challenging. Its furry skin is ideal for coping with this climate: it prevents the kiwi from losing water too quickly by protecting it from heat and drafts. In addition, its hairiness effectively keeps certain insects and pests from easily accessing the fruit, serving as a sort of protective barrier. It also plays an anti-humidity role by allowing water to slide off its surface without causing premature rot. It's no wonder that this oddly-shaped fruit has managed to take advantage of its hairy skin to survive and thrive in its native environment.
The kiwi is not the only hairy fruit in the produce section: the peach also has a fine fuzzy layer, although it is considerably softer and lighter. Unlike the kiwi, this finer fuzz on the peach provides less physical protection but still allows for an effective barrier against certain insects or parasites. On the opposite end, there are fruits like the apple or the apricot (which can be fuzzy or completely smooth depending on the variety), that have a smooth and shiny skin adapted to withstand otherwise — primarily thanks to a waxy and waterproof skin. The hairy texture found in some fruits, like the kiwi, mainly serves as a deterrent against predation by insects or animals that are too sensitive to irritating hairs, something that perfectly smooth-skinned fruits cannot achieve.
Recent studies show that kiwi fuzz follows certain genes similar to those observed in the development of trichomes (small plant hairs) in other plants. Researchers have observed these hairs under a microscope and noted their structure, which can effectively retain moisture, thus protecting the fruit from drying out. Italian scientists have also identified specific compounds in these hairs, which have natural antimicrobial properties and limit bacterial proliferation. Genetics thus provides better insight into how these hairy structures form a multifunctional protective barrier for the kiwi. Some teams are already attempting to understand how to genetically vary the quantity or appearance of these hairs, potentially paving the way for more resilient or touch-friendly kiwis.
The hairs of the kiwi serve as an effective natural barrier against pests and protect the fruit by reducing stagnant moisture on its surface, thereby limiting the risk of rot.
There is a variety of kiwi called smooth kiwi or hairless kiwi (Actinidia arguta), which has a thin and edible skin without any fuzz, unlike the classic kiwi (Actinidia deliciosa).
Researchers recently identified that kiwi hairs can act as thermal insulators, protecting the fruit against sudden temperature fluctuations that could disrupt its development.
Although often removed, the skin of the classic kiwi, despite its hairy appearance, is entirely edible and particularly rich in fiber and vitamin C.
Yes, there are varieties of kiwis with smooth, hairless skin, such as the yellow kiwi (Actinidia chinensis). Their taste is slightly different, being milder and sweeter, but the nutritional properties remain similar.
The hairs or fuzz on the surface of fruits often develop as an evolutionary adaptation serving as a defense against drying out, pests, or predators, and to better regulate the temperature and humidity of the fruit during its growth.
To best preserve their freshness, store unripe kiwis at room temperature so they can ripen gradually. Once ripe, place them in the refrigerator to extend their shelf life.
Yes, kiwi can cause allergies, generally due to a protein present in the fruit. These allergies manifest with various symptoms such as itching, oral irritation, or, in rarer cases, severe reactions. If you have allergy issues, it is best to consult your doctor before consuming it.
Yes, the skin of the kiwi is edible. However, it may be best to wash it thoroughly or gently brush it to remove any fuzz and residues before consuming it. In fact, it is rich in fiber and vitamins.
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