Explain why ice is slippery?

In short (click here for detailed version)

Ice is slippery because it creates a thin layer of liquid water on its surface when in contact with warmer objects, reducing friction and making the surface slippery.

Explain why ice is slippery?
In detail, for those interested!

First factor: The thin layer of water

When ice is exposed to heat, it begins to melt and forms a thin layer of water on its surface. This thin layer of water is the cause of ice slipperiness. Indeed, when we walk on ice, the pressure exerted by our weight melts a bit of ice, creating a thin layer of liquid water. This thin layer of water acts as a lubricant, reducing the friction between our shoes and the ice. This makes the surface of the ice more slippery and harder to maintain balance on, which can result in falls and involuntary slips.

Second factor: The pressure exerted

When walking on ice, our weight puts pressure on the surface of the ice. Pressure is directly related to the force exerted on a certain area. On an ice surface, the higher the pressure, the more the point of contact between the ice and the shoes will melt, forming a thin layer of water.

This happens because water has a lower melting temperature than ice, so when it is exposed to enough pressure, it changes from a solid to a liquid state. This thin layer of water formed reduces the friction between the ice and the shoes, making the surface more slippery. Therefore, the pressure exerted on the ice plays a crucial role in the phenomenon of slipperiness.

Third factor: Reduced friction

When ice is present underfoot, friction is a key element to consider in explaining why it is slippery. Indeed, ice has a smooth surface that greatly reduces friction compared to other rough surfaces. This low friction makes it difficult to get the traction needed to maintain balance while moving on the ice. Shoes or skates slide easily on ice due to this reduced friction, which can result in falls and uncontrollable slips. This phenomenon is amplified when the ice is particularly smooth, such as in very low temperatures that leave a thin layer of water on its surface.

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Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

1

Why do we feel a sensation of sliding on ice ?

The ice is slippery due to the formation of a thin layer of water on its surface, caused by the pressure exerted by an object passing through it.

2

Why is ice more slippery than other smooth surfaces?

Ice has the particularity of forming a thin layer of liquid water on its surface, which significantly reduces friction and makes it more slippery than other surfaces.

3

Do all slippery surfaces work the same way as ice?

No, ice is unique because of its ability to form a layer of liquid water that reduces friction. Other surfaces may be slippery for different reasons, but the formation of this thin layer of water is characteristic of ice.

4

Is ice always slippery?

Ice is not always slippery. Its surface can be made rough by ice crystals or impurities, thus reducing the formation of the water layer and increasing friction.

5

How does temperature affect the slipperiness of ice?

At temperatures close to 0°C, ice is more slippery because it deforms slightly under pressure, forming a layer of water. At lower temperatures, ice can be less slippery because it remains more rigid.

Natural Sciences : Physics

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