The paper is made up of fibers that are hydrophobic, meaning they repel water. On the other hand, the ink contains wetting agents that allow the pigments to adhere to the paper by penetrating between the fibers.
Paper is a material composed of interlaced plant fibers, forming a tangled structure of small spaces called pores. These pores can vary in size depending on the type of paper and manufacturing methods used. The porosity of paper is therefore determined by the size, shape, and distribution of these pores on the surface and inside the paper. This characteristic influences the paper's ability to absorb different types of liquids. Therefore, the porosity of paper plays a crucial role in its ability to absorb ink while repelling water.
Inks used for writing generally contain dyes, solvents, binding agents, and other additives. Dyes give color to the ink and can be water-based or solvent-based. Some dyes can chemically react with paper to form permanent bonds. Solvents allow the ink to flow easily and dry quickly, and can be water-based solvents or organic solvents. Binding agents are used to keep dyes and solvents together and fix them on the surface of the paper. Additives may include chemicals to control viscosity, gloss, light resistance, etc. The main component of water is the molecule H2O, consisting of one oxygen atom bonded to two hydrogen atoms. Water is a universal solvent due to its polarity, allowing it to dissolve many substances. Water has high adhesion and cohesion forces, which determine its behavior when in contact with other surfaces.
The surface of paper has particular properties that influence the way liquids interact with it. When a drop of liquid such as ink or water is placed on paper, several phenomena occur at the interface between the liquid and the paper surface.
At the microscopic level, the surface of the paper has roughness and irregularities that can trap the liquid and promote adhesion. These imperfections create a larger contact area between the paper and the liquid, facilitating the interaction between the two.
Intermolecular forces also play a crucial role in the interactions between the paper surface and the liquid. The molecules making up the paper can interact with the liquid molecules through adhesive forces. These adhesive forces help to keep the liquid in contact with the paper surface.
Wettability is another important factor that influences the interactions between the paper surface and the liquid. Wettability depends on the liquid's surface tension and its ability to spread on the paper surface. Some liquids, such as ink, may have better wettability on paper than others, such as water, due to their specific chemical composition.
In summary, the interactions between the paper surface and a liquid like ink result from several complex microscopic phenomena, including the paper surface topography, intermolecular forces, and the wettability of the liquid. These interactions determine the paper's ability to absorb ink while repelling water.
Capillarity is a physical phenomenon that occurs when liquids come into contact with porous materials such as paper. This phenomenon is due to the interaction between the molecules of the liquid and those of the porous material.
When a liquid comes into contact with a porous material like paper, it is absorbed by the pores of the material. This process is mainly influenced by two forces: capillarity and surface tension.
Capillarity is the ability of a liquid to rise or fall in confined spaces, such as the pores of a porous material. It is due to the interaction of the liquid molecules with the surface of the material. The stronger the adhesion forces between the liquid and the material, the more the liquid tends to rise in the pores of the material.
Surface tension, on the other hand, is the force that acts on the surface of a liquid and tends to minimize its surface area. This results in the formation of drops rather than films. This surface tension can influence the ability of a liquid to be absorbed by a porous material like paper.
Thus, the combination of capillarity and surface tension explains why paper absorbs ink better than water. In fact, the composition of the ink promotes its interaction with paper, while the surface tension of water makes its absorption less effective by paper.
Blotting paper, often used in the past to absorb excess ink, owes its absorption capacity to its high porosity and ability to retain liquids thanks to its fiber structure.
The ink used for writing is composed of color pigments, solvents, and other additives, making it more adhesive to paper than water, whose molecules are simpler and less likely to adhere to the paper surface.
When a drop of water is deposited on paper, the surface tension of the water prevents it from easily penetrating into the inter-fiber spaces of the paper, unlike ink which has a better ability to infiltrate.
Paper has a porous structure that allows it to absorb ink while retaining its shape and strength.
Water and ink have different properties, such as surface tension, which influence their absorption by paper in distinct ways.
The components of paper, such as cellulose, affect its ability to retain and absorb ink by interacting with it in a specific way.
Capillarity, related to the size of the paper's pores, allows ink to progress through the paper fibers in a controlled and uniform manner.
Manufacturers adjust the composition of the paper as well as its texture and porosity to precisely control its ink absorption.
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