Some volcanoes have a magma chamber directly connected to the surface. When the magma rises, it can form permanent pools, called lava lakes, directly visible...
The local climate plays a key role in ensuring that certain mountains remain snow-covered year-round. For example, near coastal regions, the significant humidity from the...
Hawaiian lavas are primarily composed of basalt, a volcanic rock rich in iron and magnesium, but very low in silica. The key point is this...
During a major eruption, ash clouds can reach impressive heights, averaging between 10 and 20 km in altitude. The most violent volcanoes even eject ash...
The rocks surrounding the caves are often excellent thermal insulators. They are very dense and thick, making them particularly poor conductors of heat, thus significantly...
Iguazu Falls were formed about 150 million years ago during massive volcanic eruptions. These eruptions produced vast hardened lava flows that formed a powerful basalt...
A supervolcano is simply a volcano of XXL dimensions with such significant explosive potential that it can disrupt the entire planet. To be classified as...
The gravitational force between the Earth and the Moon causes tidal forces that slightly deform our planet. This deformation creates ocean "bulges" pointed toward the...
When water heats up, the molecules start to jiggle more. Imagine a crowd: the hotter it gets, the more everyone moves and bumps into each...
Stones gradually become round due to the action of erosion, a natural phenomenon that wears down and transforms rocks over time. Essentially, several forces come...
