Ice, despite its very solid appearance, has a particular crystalline structure that facilitates its movement. In reality, it is made up of many crystals, grains...
When a lightning bolt strikes the sandy ground, the ultra-brief electrical discharge releases an enormous temperature, reaching over 30,000 °C. In an instant, this extreme...
To determine the age of our planet, scientists primarily use two main types of methods: relative methods and absolute methods. Relative methods allow us to...
Stalactites form drop by drop, very slowly, through a process called crystallization. When water droplets loaded with calcium carbonate reach the ceiling of a cave, they begin...
Quicksand is primarily a mixture of water and sand, which means its overall density often exceeds that of the human body. Our body, mainly composed...
Many volcanoes surprise due to their very particular internal structure. These volcanoes generally have narrow conduits or are blocked by solid rocks or cooled magma: this acts...
Under active volcanoes, magma gases rich in sulfur compounds such as sulfur dioxide (SO₂) or hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) rise to the surface. When these gases...
Salt water plays a discreet yet effective role on the rocks it encounters at the beach. Sea salt gradually dissolves certain minerals present on the...
The diamond and graphite are both made up solely of carbon, but their difference mainly comes from their internal organization. In diamond, each carbon atom...
Yellowstone is a caldera, a kind of gigantic dormant volcano capable of causing a supereruption. This means that in the event of a major eruption, massive amounts...
