When a very hot basalt lava flow begins to cool, its volume gradually decreases: this is the famous thermal contraction. The rock slowly loses its...
Ramses II was a master of military strategy, capable of effectively leading his armies during memorable battles. His most famous confrontation, the Battle of Qadesh, pitted him...
Prehistoric caves offer a hyper-stable environment, with cool and constant temperatures generally around a dozen degrees, regardless of what happens outside. This climatic stability limits...
Rivers continuously transport particles of mud, sand, and small stones. When the current slows down, these materials settle to the bottom and accumulate: this is...
Landslides frequently occur on steep slopes due to the combined effect of the slope itself and gravity. A steep slope is characterized by a significant...
Initially, the builders planned foundations that were only 3 meters deep, far too light for a marble tower nearly 56 meters tall. The foundations rest...
Sharp mountains often stem from a very dynamic geological history. Originally, two continental plates violently collide: this is known as tectonic collision. Imagine two enormous...
Irrigation was a crucial challenge for ancient civilizations in Persia due to the scarcity of precipitation and arid climate conditions. The Persians had to find...
The fluorescence of minerals is a fascinating phenomenon that can be observed when certain mineral substances emit visible light after being exposed to a source...
Rose quartz comes from the underground crystallization of silica-rich magma. When this hot magma cools underground, it slowly forms crystals. The cavities or deep cracks...
