When a very hot basalt lava flow begins to cool, its volume gradually decreases: this is the famous thermal contraction. The rock slowly loses its...
Ramses II was a master of military strategy, capable of effectively leading his armies during memorable battles. His most famous confrontation, the Battle of Qadesh, pitted him...
Prehistoric caves offer a hyper-stable environment, with cool and constant temperatures generally around a dozen degrees, regardless of what happens outside. This climatic stability limits...
Rivers continuously transport particles of mud, sand, and small stones. When the current slows down, these materials settle to the bottom and accumulate: this is...
On steep slopes, everything is a matter of balance. Gravity, this natural force that pulls materials downward, plays a key role here by constantly pushing...
Initially, the builders planned foundations that were only 3 meters deep, far too light for a marble tower nearly 56 meters tall. The foundations rest...
Sharp mountains often stem from a very dynamic geological history. Originally, two continental plates violently collide: this is known as tectonic collision. Imagine two enormous...
Ancient Persia was largely dominated by an arid to semi-arid climate, with vast desert or semi-desert regions. The terrain varied from mountain ranges to dry, dusty plains....
When certain minerals are illuminated with ultraviolet (UV) light, some electrons inside receive a significant boost of energy. As a result, they get temporarily projected...
Rose quartz comes from the underground crystallization of silica-rich magma. When this hot magma cools underground, it slowly forms crystals. The cavities or deep cracks...
